Mass-loss from massive globular clusters in tidal fields

Massive globular clusters lose stars via internal and external processes. Internal processes include mainly two-body relaxation, while interactions with the Galactic tidal field. We perform a suite of N-body simulations such massive using three different direct-summation codes, exploring orbits particle numbers. By inspecting rate at which star's energy changes as it becomes energetically unbound from cluster, we can neatly identify two populations call kicks sweeps, that escape through encounters to cluster field, respectively. find for typical halo on moderately eccentric orbit, sweeps are far more common than but total mass loss is so low these survive tens Hubble times. The codes give largely consistent results, numerical artifacts may arise in relation time step parameter Hermite integration scheme, namely value required convergent results sensitive number particles.